Hemodialysis Water Analysis
Hemodialysis water analysis
The operation of dialysis machines (dialysis loops or dialysis generators) requires the use of liquid preparations that are completely free from any contamination.
These preparations must therefore be regularly monitored for both chemical (organic chemistry for endotoxins) and bacteriological contamination. The same monitoring applies upstream to the osmosis water used in their manufacture and to the water supplied to the osmosis units.
Our hemodialysis water services
Toxicology: bacterial endotoxin testing
Chemistry of osmosis water (partial or complete)
Microbiology of osmosis water and water used to feed osmosis units
Our hemodialysis water services
Toxicology: bacterial endotoxin testing
Bacterial endotoxin testing using a method based on limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL method) and the proportional relationship between endotoxin concentration and the rate of development of a colourimetric reaction (chromogenic kinetics)
Interim results available after 24 hours. Final results between 3 and 5 days.
Chemistry of osmosis water (partial or complete)
Measurement of various contaminants by optical ICP, ion chromatography, and spectrophotometry
Interim results available after 5 days. Final results between 5 and 10 days
Microbiology of osmosis water and water used to feed osmosis units
Dialysate from “conventional dialysis”: culture-based count of “total” aerobic bacteria and mould (European Pharmacopoeia method)
Hemodiafiltration: feed water for osmosis water generators: total bacteria count. Identification if count > 100 cfu/l. Ready-to-use “ultrapure dialysate” – DF1: total bacteria count. Substitute liquid (/solution): total bacteria count
Interim results available after 5 days. Final results between 7 and 10 days.
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A more or less severe deterioration in kidney function, resulting in:
An accumulation in the blood of substances normally eliminated in urine, such as urea and creatinine
An imbalance in the blood's ion balance (particularly sodium and potassium)
A decrease in the endocrine function of the kidneys, production of hormones (bradykinin, renin, erythropoietin) and the active form of vitamin D
In these techniques, the patient's blood undergoes treatment through filtration and/or exchange with a liquid called "dialysis fluid" or "dialysate" via a semi-permeable membrane.
Dialysis techniques therefore do not compensate for the deficiency in kidney endocrine function.
Peritoneal dialysis, also known as "continuous dialysis," utilises the peritoneum — an internal membrane that supports organs and defines the "peritoneal cavity" — as a semi-permeable membrane. Dialysis fluid is introduced into this cavity for the required exchange duration with the blood (dwell time), then drained from the peritoneal cavity.
Conventional haemodialysis is performed using a haemodialysis machine where exchanges between the patient's blood and dialysate occur through diffusion mechanisms across a semi-permeable membrane.
Haemofiltration applies pressure to the blood, forcing plasma fluid through a semi-permeable membrane. This filtration, based primarily on convection mechanisms, is termed ultrafiltration. The collected ultrafiltrate is removed and volume loss is compensated through replacement fluid injection.
Haemodiafiltration combines haemodialysis and haemofiltration, therefore also requiring replacement fluid injection.
The dialysate (dialysis fluid) and replacement fluid are produced from osmosis water, which is derived from tap water.
Endotoxins: These are components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria that persist for varying lengths of time after the bacteria have disappeared. Highly toxic, they cause inflammatory reactions and even anaphylactic shock. They can also have beneficial effects since, by activating the immune system, they can, depending on their concentration, induce non-specific defense mechanisms against other pathogens.
Bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacilli and mycobacteria.
Undesirable chemical elements, particularly heavy metal salts
Osmosis water production device and, downstream, the osmosis water itself, which is used in particular to prepare the dialysate by diluting concentrates
The stock of compounds used in the composition of the dialysate, particularly bicarbonates
The dialysate after preparation
The internal circuits of the hemodialysis machine, particularly the antibacterial filters
The tubing connecting the hemodialysis machine to the patient
The access points to the patient's vascular system
The patient themselves, if they have an infection (e.g., viral, such as HIV)
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European Pharmacopoeia
Leading companies in this service
Normec Abiolab
Montbonnot-Saint-Martin France
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FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Hemodialysis water analysis is the testing of the water used in dialysis machines — whether in dialysis loops or dialysis generators — including osmosis water and the water feeding the osmosis units. The analysis checks for chemical contaminants such as endotoxins and for bacteriological contamination, ensuring that dialysis fluids remain safe and compliant.
Regular monitoring is essential because dialysis treatments require liquid preparations that are completely free from contamination. Testing helps prevent the presence of endotoxins, bacteria, and chemical impurities that could endanger patient health.
Hemodialysis water testing includes bacterial endotoxin analysis using the LAL method, chemical analysis of osmosis water by ICP, ion chromatography, or spectrophotometry, and microbiological monitoring of osmosis water and dialysate. Interim and final results are provided within defined timeframes depending on the test.